Cranial Nerve XII, also known as the Hypoglossal Nerve, is the 12th cranial nerve and is primarily responsible for controlling the muscles of the tongue. It originates in the medulla oblongata in the brainstem and travels through the hypoglossal canal before branching out to innervate the muscles of the tongue.

Cranial nerve 11, also known as the accessory nerve, is the eleventh of the twelve cranial nerves. It is a motor nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which are responsible for movements of the head and shoulders. The accessory nerve originates from the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord. Its main function is to control the voluntary movements of the aforementioned muscles, allowing for coordinated movements of the head and shoulders.

Cranial nerve 10, also known as the Vagus nerve, is the tenth of the twelve cranial nerves in the human body. It is a mixed nerve that carries both sensory and motor fibers. The Vagus nerve is the longest and most complex cranial nerve, playing a critical role in the autonomic nervous system. It is responsible for controlling various vital functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. The Vagus nerve is involved in the parasympathetic nervous system, helping to regulate the body's rest-and-digest responses.

Cranial nerve 9, also known as the glossopharyngeal nerve, is one of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves in humans. It is a mixed nerve that carries sensory information from the back of the throat, tonsils, and middle ear, as well as taste sensations from the posterior one-third of the tongue. Additionally, the glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for controlling some muscles involved in swallowing.

Cranial nerve 8, also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve, is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to hearing and balance from the inner ear to the brainstem. It consists of two branches: the cochlear nerve, which is involved in hearing, and the vestibular nerve, which is involved in balance. These two branches work together to help maintain equilibrium and process sound signals in the central nervous system.

Cranial Nerve 7, also known as the Facial Nerve, is one of the twelve cranial nerves in the peripheral nervous system. It is responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression, as well as the sensation of taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Additionally, Cranial Nerve 7 plays a crucial role in tear production, salivation, and transmitting taste sensations from the taste buds to the brain.

Cranial Nerve 6, also known as the abducens nerve, is one of the 12 cranial nerves in the human nervous system. This nerve controls the lateral rectus muscle, which is responsible for the outward movement of the eye. Cranial Nerve 6 originates from the pons in the brainstem and plays a crucial role in maintaining proper eye movement and coordination.

Cranial Nerve 5, also known as the Trigeminal Nerve, is one of the twelve cranial nerves in the head. It is the largest of all the cranial nerves and is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the face and motor functions for chewing. The Trigeminal Nerve has three main branches: the ophthalmic branch, the maxillary branch, and the mandibular branch.

Cranial Nerve IV, also known as the Trochlear Nerve, is the fourth of the 12 cranial nerves. This nerve is responsible for the motor function of the superior oblique muscle, which is one of the extraocular muscles that control eye movement. The trochlear nerve aids in moving the eye downward and laterally.

Given its role in eye movement, any issues with the trochlear nerve can lead to symptoms such as double vision (diplopia) and difficulty moving the affected eye in certain directions.